GERD is not just heartburn – it can lead to serious complications

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common digestive disorders in the world.

It happens when acid comes up from the stomach, which is acid-resistant, into the oesophagus, which is less acid-resistant.

Mayo Clinic Healthcare gastroenterologist Dr James East, says GERD may be common, but there can be potentially severe complications if it’s ongoing and left untreated.

“GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease, is when you get acid and chemical damage to the lining of the oesophagus,” he says.

You might feel a lump in the throat, or have difficulty swallowing, chest pain, a cough or worsening asthma-type symptoms.

“Complications of GERD include oesophagitis, inflammation in the bottom of the oesophagus.

“If this is persistent, you can develop scarring and a stricture,” he explains.

But if it’s persistent and heals, the lining of the oesophagus can change to a more acid-resistant form, which is known as Barrett’s oesophagus.

“Barrett’s oesophagus is a reasonably common complication of GERD,” says Dr East.

It affects 10% to 15% of people with GERD.

And a much smaller group faces another risk, he observes.

“About one in 200 patients with Barrett’s oesophagus per year will develop oesophageal adenocarcinoma”, which is malignant.

There are innovative treatments for GERD and medications, like proton pump inhibitors.

But first, avoid triggers like coffee, alcohol and smoking.

“If you have severe or frequent GERD, you should seek medical advice,” says Dr East. – By Deb Balzer/Mayo Clinic News Network/Tribune News Service